Publications
A list of publications by Oeko-Institut which are available online can be found here. Subscribe to Oeko-Institut's latest publications as RSS feed.
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Nature-based solutions and global climate protection
Assessment of their global mitigation potential and recommendations for international climate policy
Nature-based Solutions (NbS) build synergies between biodiversity conservation and societal challenges such as climate change. This paper derives a working definition of NbS based on an evaluation of existing definitions, in particular…
Averaging or multi-year accounting? Environmental integrity implications for using international carbon markets in the context of single-year targets
Under the Paris Agreement, most countries have communicated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) with mitigation targets for a single year. Single-year targets present considerable challenges when countries use international carbon…
EEA Report No 13/2021
Trends and projections in Europe 2021
The year 2020 saw remarkable progress towards meeting the EU's climate and energy targets. Rarely in the publication of the annual Trends and projections in Europe report has this executive summary presented such substantial progress as…
Results of the KJWA – Options for outcomes to be included in the report back to the UNFCCC and further use
Background paper
This paper provides an overview of the outcomes of each of the six workshops that have been carried out under the Koronivia Joint Work on Agriculture (KJWA) under the UNFCCC and identifies potential elements that could be included as…
NDC Design
Systematic analysis
The Paris Agreement on climate change includes a five-year cycle to increase ambition for reaching the goals of the Paris Agreement. Part of this cycle is the submission of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), which detail the…
Ecological Steering with Value-Added Tax and Taxes on Consumption
FFU-Report 02-2021
The focus in this policy paper is on environment-related taxes that address the level of consumption. Various arguments are made in favor of the introduction of such consumption-based taxes.
Options for regulating the climate impacts of aviation
Aviation is the most environmentally-damaging mode of transport and contributes substantially to global warming. At the same time, aviation enjoys numerous privileges compared to other modes of transport. Kerosene is exempt from the…
The Challenges of Assessing “Collective Progress”
Design Options for an effective Global Stocktake process under the UNFCCC
The Paris Agreement combines collective goals with individual countries’ contributions. This hybrid approach does not guarantee that the individual contributions add up to what is required to meet the collective goals. The Paris…
Averaging or multi-year accounting?
Implications for environmental integrity of carbon markets under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement
Single-year targets present considerable challenges if countries use international carbon markets to achieve their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. This paper assesses the environmental integrity…
EEA Report No 13/2020
Trends and projections in Europe 2020
Tracking progress towards Europe’s climate and energy targets. The annual ‘Trends and projections’ report provides an assessment of the progress of the EU and European countries towards their climate mitigation and energy targets. It is…
Overview of climate finance flows in the agricultural sector
Background paper
Achieving the socio-economic transformation towards greenhouse gas neutrality in the second half of this century, as agreed in the Paris Agreement, requires an unprecedented effort to realign public and private investments across all…
Climate action and agriculture in international processes and options for future work outside UNFCCC
Background paper
This paper explores possible alternatives for multilateral processes to address agriculture and climate change outside of the UNFCCC and its Koronivia Joint Work on Agriculture (KJWA). It assesses whether other multilateral processes,…
Options for outcomes on the Koronivia Joint Work on Agriculture at COP26 and future work on agriculture under the UNFCCC
Background paper
The agricultural sector has been integral to the multilateral climate change process since the beginning, with explicit references in the Convention and the Kyoto Protocol. Technical discussions on agriculture under SBSTA have taken…
Turning points for the ambition of European climate targets
Getting granular on the process and identifying cornerstones for discussion
Climate policy in the European Union (EU) is undergoing a paradigm shift. At the time of writing, policy-makers are debating changes in targets, governance and instruments to fit (better) with the newly established overarching objective…
ETC/CME Report 3/2019
Trends and projections in the EU ETS in 2019
This report provides an analysis of past, present and future emissions trends under the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), based on the latest data and information available from the European Commission and Member States. It also…
Tackling the Challenges of Assessing Collective Progress for an Effective Global Stocktake
Executive Summary
The Paris Agreement combines collective goals with individual countries’ contributions. This hybrid approach does not guarantee that the individual contributions add up to what is required to meet the collective goals.
The Paris…
Lessons learned from the first round of applications by carbon-offsetting programs for eligibility under CORSIA
In 2016, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) adopted the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA). The scheme requires participating airline operators to purchase carbon offset credits…
EU Environment and Climate Change Policies
State of play, current and future challenges
This study reviews the state of play of on environmental and climate legislation in the EU and pinpoints key challenges for the next five years. Part 1 of this study summarizes the status of EU legislation, major EU targets and…
EU LULUCF Regulation explained
Summary of core provisions and expected effects
This paper aims to provide an overview of the Regulation (EU) 2018/841 on the inclusion of greenhouse gas emissions and removals from land use, land use change and forestry in the 2030 climate and energy framework (LULUCF Regulation,…
Catalyzing mitigation ambition under the Paris Agreement: elements for an effective Global Stocktake
The Global Stocktake (GST) takes a central role within the architecture of the Paris Agreement, with many hoping that it will become a catalyst for increased mitigation ambition. This paper outlines four governance functions for an ideal…